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The press have often expressed how much Plumbers can earn in the UK. The lack of Plumbers in the UK has led to salaries of 30-70k p.a. being exhibited. So, is this the truth of the matter, or are we being lied to? For the competent and correctly skilled person, this level of salary is realistic. In fact, earnings in excess of 70 – 100k p.a. are achievable – but that is solely for those who work within the self-employed market-place, rather than those who work within established employment routes.

If you enter the traditional work environment, primarily working for an established employer, then working hours of Monday to Friday, 9am to 6pm are standard. From UK companies comes the standard reward such as holiday pay and sickness allowance and a potential wage of between 15k and 30k p.a. Whilst the ability to earn more than through normal means exists, the self-employed plumber usually has to consider working longer hours. This is clear when self employed plumbers have to work evenings and weekends, where their domestic clients are working during the day.

Then there is the matter of working for yourself, which agrees with some people more than others. This can involve factors such as getting the basics sorted out and the need to use good ‘business sense’ overall. Similarly, to cover additional elements such as legal and accountancy fees and materials and transport, will require the planning of most self-employed people. Whilst it is expected that the benefits will be high, the costs can mount up though they should always remain a small part of the income overall. And the benefits nearly always far outweigh the downsides!

From the outset it’s the double offer of teaching them from experience and covering most of their working needs that Student Entrants are looking for in employment. Equally the Self Employed Entrant needs to increase their list of qualifications within a reasonable time frame. Having said that, we should bear in mind that the majority of self-employed workers tend to migrate towards the narrower ‘domestic’ market, rather than the commercial sector. (Not all, just the majority!)

In terms of plumbing education, there appears to be some similarity between the certification modules required by each path into the industry. Without a doubt the issue of NVQ’s (SVQ’s in Scotland) raises a constant concern as to the way forward.

To begin with, the Student Entrant appears to rely more heavily on the NVQ structure than the Self Employed Entrant. The Self Employed Entrant will often call upon a wider range of certifications right from the outset; in order to satisfy their perceived client’s requirements. To satisfy their typical household-based client base many self-employed persons will need to quickly focus on the relative domestic skill sets. The Student Entrant will often carry on their studies in the workplace under an apprenticeship where the NVQ element can be assessed. Due to the cost effectiveness of this study the Student Entrant can make strong savings from the outset. However, in relation to the Student Entrant the Self Employed Entrant will gain certifications faster and therefore achieve substantial financial gains in the long term.

To be sure the financial returns required is the result of clear careers discussions covering certification and the overall study requirements. It is extremely difficult for adults with a family to look after and needing 20kp.a. to consider going back to college and spending 3 years on low paid-apprenticeship work. It should also be borne in mind that many young Student Entrants have their studies paid for them as part of their overall apprenticeships, whereas the self-employed student generally funds the course themselves. For self-employed people these costs are set by the course structure and the level of certification sought and can end up between 3k-10k+.

For the most part the private colleges are the domain of the Self Employed Entrant whereas the Student Entrant is required to study at recognised further-education colleges. Plumbing training companies can offer commercial routes in to reputable training paths that cover the necessary qualifications and skill-sets. This method offers key advantages to Self Employed Students, allowing them to train evenings, part-time or on self-study classes thereby continuing with their existing jobs and maintaining their financial situation. With so many colleges at hand, the key is to secure as many with technical data sources and gather them. Why not book mark this page (CTRL-D) and then you can come back and review your options from the links and adverts we have provided for you.

To increase their ‘marketability’ many plumbing students will go on to utilise extra courses. Areas such as Gas, Green Energy and Electrical training can offer additional qualifications to Plumbers. Gas training has always been a route for Plumbers to consider, as this forms part of the common domestic and commercial heating system.

Gas Training is considered a dedicated training program with key subjects followed by important NVQ’s. For those who trained as a plumber these schemes offer many options for further development and can clearly seen to add additional skills to the table. It is from this position that many believe the mix of Plumbing/Gas Training is more apt to the mature student. Indeed, for the Mature Student, the path appears to be centred on adopting the core subjects and completely dropping the NVQ elements.

It is from this particular training program that the self-employed professional gains ground. The attraction is certainly the chance to gain a wider range of skill sets and earn money from them. This alone can add to their industrial viewpoint, as opposed to relying on sub-contracting core elements to third parties. Sub-contracting can not only reduce the earning potential of a job, but also erode the value in the customer’s eye, as they may have to wait for key stages to be handled by someone else before the final completion of the job. To have a higher value within their client base a Plumber needs to consider their relative skill sets that they offer.

Whilst the Student Entrant has the chance to develop through an established employer a Self Employed Entrant can utilise their skill levels through business skills and develop a broader range of certifications to achieve a higher income stream. Note: This information reflects the needs and requirements for the industry and policies of the UK market alone.

Author: Scott Edwards. Browse around Plumbing NVQ and Technical Certificates or CareerQualifications.co.uk/lcarqua.html.

When it comes to games consoles, the Nintendo Wii is a bit of a dark horse. In comparison with either the Xbox or Sony’s PS3, it is a little underpowered. It also has graphics which are, again relatively speaking, less complex – there is a cartoon like element to many Wii games. Even so, it is immensely successful.

The fact that it has a ticket price which is quite a bit lower than either the Xbox or the PS3 is definitely a plus point. Another factor is the Wiimote – Nintendo’s motion sensitive controller which is used to play Wii games. When compared with the other consoles, game play on the Wii is a totally different experience.

There is definitely more physical movement involved when playing Wii games than gaming on other consoles – where generally the thumbs are the only part of the body that get a work out. It’s also probably true to say that, apart from the physical exercise involved, Wii games are easier to learn and more intuitive to play. If you forget what button does what it doesn’t really matter – just flail your arms around and it’ll be fine.

A further result of the physical element to playing games on the Wii is that you require more space to play them (safely). This could explain why many families have the Wii in the living room as opposed to upstairs in teenage bedrooms – the typical site for the Xbox and the PlayStation.

As well as requiring more space to play, the Wii is better enjoyed when used with a nice big screen. This may seem like an odd notion considering that the Wii’s graphics are, at least in comparison with the other consoles, fairly rudimentary. The reason for this is that it is harder to keep up with the game action on a small screen when the player is jumping around.

In the summer of 2009, Nintendo launched a black Wii console in Japan. It was a big hit and Nintendo released it in Europe before Christmas 2009, where it was also a popular choice with gamers. One possible reason for its success may have been the fact that the black colour was a good match for the other electrical devices – the TV, the DVD player, the cable box etc. – that can be found in the typical family living room.

If you decide to treat yourself to a Wii, try to break yourself in gently. It’s good that you can play games and get a little exercise – but if you’re used to traditional gaming then the exertions of playing Wii Sports for the first time can leave you feeling a little fragile if you overdo it.

Check out the black Wii for yourself and see how it compares with the new slim version of the PS3 game console by Sony.

To begin with newspapers appear to love discussing what can be earned in Plumbing. Figures of 30-70k p.a. are touted, alongside much talk of the profound shortage in the number of Plumbers within the UK. So, are we being told a story or is this the genuine picture? For an experienced Plumber, this amount of salary is both realistic and feasible. So whilst those working in the self-employed role can get incomes of 70-100k p.a., those working in more conventional employment routes often find it hard to achieve this salary.

If you are working for a traditional company within the UK, then the hours of Monday to Friday, 9am to 6pm are normal. Indeed salaries of between 15k and 30k p.a. form part of what is expected from employed status in this area, along with the added reward of holiday pay and sickness allowance. However, if the self employed person is willing to work longer than the normal working hours then more money can be earned. This is more common in the domestic market where self employed plumbers often have to work evenings and weekends to suit those clients that work during the week.

Around which is the question of self employment which appears to fit some people. This can include getting to grips with advertising & marketing, getting your own cost-per-hour correct and the need to learn and use good ‘business’ sense. Furthermore, additional costs such as materials and transport, along with legal and accountancy fees will need to be paid. While these costs can mount up, so too do the benefits, however the costs should always remain a smaller part of the income generated. And the downsides are nearly always outweighed by the proceeds!

Without a doubt Student Entrants are looking for companies who can offer them regular employment and thereby teach them from experience. As quickly as possible the Self Employed Entrant needs to increase their list of accreditations that they will rely upon. In fairness it is the ‘domestic’ market rather than the commercial sector that attracts the majority of the self-employed workers in the UK. (Not all of them, but the main do!)

Furthermore, each route into Plumbing has a necessity on the certification process overall. There does remain considerable question when the factor of NVQ’s (SVQ’s in Scotland) is realised.

At first, the Student Entrant does appear to depend much more on the NVQ structure than the Self Employed Entrant. The Self Employed Entrant will regularly employ a range of certifications in order to meet the needs of their client’s requirements from the beginning. In order to be able to meet the needs of the typical household, self-employed persons will need to rapidly gain key domestic-centred qualifications. It is within the workplace – where the NVQ element can be appraised that many Student Entrants carry on with their apprenticeship after having covered the key fundamentals through a college scheme. Considering that it is a cheaper way to study then the Student can make practical savings from the start. That said it is the ability to gain real financial rewards long before the Student Entrant that encourages many Self-Employed Entrants to gain certifications faster and be motivated by a stronger commercial attitude.

It is by covering the study needs along with those of a clear careers discussion that meet the financial rewards. It would prove extremely difficult for an adult – requiring 20kp.a and having to look after their family – to go back to college and then spend 3 years in low-paid apprenticeship work. It is by having their courses paid for them that many Student Entrants can submit to the courses, simply put the more mature self-employed students have to pay for their education themselves. Depending on the level of certification sought and the course itself the costs for people can run into 3k to 10k+.

Student Entrants will in the main study at further-education colleges, the Self Employed student however has the option to consider the increased scope of private commercial colleges. Often through the use of established training schemes many commercially oriented plumbing courses are now able to deliver the necessary skill-sets and qualifications. The situation whereby Self Employed Entrants can continue with their current job and maintain their financial position remains one of the core advantages of training in evening, part-time or self study classes. With the high number of colleges it makes sense to gather as much technical data as you can. We have provided adverts and links from several to allow you to come back and review your options, so why not book mark this page (CTRL-D).

Plumbers ‘marketability’ is often increased through the use of additional courses. Key certificates in areas such as Gas, Green Energy and Electrical training can be provided by these courses. One of the most popular routes for Plumbers has always been Gas training, as this forms part of the typical domestic and commercial heating system.

Without a doubt, NVQ’s that follow on core subjects lead into the careful and precise program that is Gas Training. For those who trained as a plumber first and are now looking at extra skills this also offers many options for their on-going development. From this idea the mature student works better with a fusion offered by Gas/Plumbing training. The path of focussing on the core subjects and at the same time dropping the NVQ’s seems to favour the Mature Student.

It is this blend of training that would appear to satisfy the needs of the self-employed professional. To earn money whilst at the same time as gaining a wider range of perceived skills becomes a desirable prospect. The removal of any reliance of sub-contracting key skills of third parties definitely enhances the commercial package. Sub-contraction needs to be handled carefully as the erosion of customer satisfaction by having to wait for key work to be completed by third parties can result in a serious reduction in potential earnings. The higher the skill level of a Plumber the more that they can offer their client base.

Finally, whilst the Student Entrant breaks into the industry more quickly the Self Employed Entrant has the opportunity for higher potential earnings, but to do so they need to develop a broader range of certifications and a higher level of business skill sets. Note: The above information is solely relative to the UK market, industry requirements and policies.

(C) Scott Edwards 2009. Pop to Plumber Training or Plumber Apprenticeships.

Glass-workers belong to an old tradition and discipline. Their handiwork has evolved into the glass lamp shades found as objects of indoor decoration in many houses today. The infiltration of these objects accelerated in the times of the Industrial Revolution, precisely when gas-fired and electric illumination was embedded into city grids. One towering figure was Louis Comfort Tiffany, famed for almost single-handedly fashioning the industry of glass lamp shades.

The lamp shades are available in a dizzying array of shapes and designs. Large-scale production methods means artisan teams no longer slave to produce a trickle of products. Instead, popular and hot-selling designs can be issued at breakneck pace to reach many more homes.

The high malleability of glass is derived from the fact that glass becomes soft and flowing at high temperatures. In turn this leads to many stylistic possibilities. Controlling and shaping the glass is a profession dating back thousands of years. A large fraction of products from this profession was in items like glasses, lanterns and containers. The need to cover light bulbs only came in the last one hundred and fifty years.

The main constituents of glass are silicon and oxygen, which combine to form a completely disordered atomic structure. In contrast, crystals are regular layouts of atoms. These properties make glass extremely hard, but brittle at the same time. It also has the appearance of being a very slow flowing liquid, but the rate of flow is on the order of millions of years rather than decades. This facts poke holes in the oft-cited explanation that church windows are thicker at the bottom edge because the glass continues to flow.

Artisans take advantage of the malleable molten state to wring out an infinite number of shapes. For example, a glass maker takes a hollow metal rod known as a blow pipe to pick up raw glass, by alternately rolling and inflating it with his breath, the artisan can fashion a bulbous shape from something initially without form. It’s easy to make small objects like vases and cups, but takes real skill and patience to craft a large, elaborate glass lamp shade.

The artisan can improve upon his product further by adding finer details such as curling the edge of coloring the surface. Louis Comfort Tiffany pioneered the stained glass lamp shades by combining colored glass with iron rods. He drew inspiration from his past work in stained glass art. To color the glass, he added iron oxide impurities, and generated shapes of natural scenes or creatures with iron.

Readers wanting to know more can head over to learn about lamp shades. Extra resources supplied for tiffany glass lamp shades can be found here.